Pathology
Cellular injury, neoplasia and the morphology of disease.
- Acute Inflammation — Mediators and Cellular Eventsacute inflammation · neutrophils · vascular changes · chemical mediators · exudate
- Adnexal and Miscellaneous Skin Tumorsskin adnexal tumors · seborrheic keratosis · dermatofibroma · Kaposi sarcoma · Merkel cell carcinoma
- Adrenal Pathology — Cortex and Medullaadrenal pathology · Cushing Addison · pheochromocytoma · neuroblastoma · adrenal cortex medulla
- Alcoholic Liver Diseasealcoholic hepatitis · cirrhosis · Maddrey
- Amyloidosisamyloidosis · AL amyloidosis · ATTR · AA amyloidosis · Congo red
- Anemia — Classification and Approachanemia · microcytic normocytic macrocytic · MCV · reticulocyte count · approach
- Aneurysm Pathology — Aortic and Cerebralaneurysm pathology · true false · cystic medial necrosis · atherosclerosis · berry aneurysm
- Aplastic Anemia and Bone Marrow Failureaplastic anemia · pancytopenia · hypocellular marrow · stem cell transplant · hypersensitivity
- Appendix Pathology — Appendicitis and Carcinoidappendicitis pathology · fecalith · carcinoid · mucocele · pseudomyxoma peritonei
- Arteriolosclerosis and Hypertensive Vascular Diseasearteriolosclerosis · hyaline · hyperplastic · onion skinning · hypertension
- Asthmaasthma · bronchospasm · ICS SABA
- Atherosclerosis — Pathogenesisatherosclerosis · foam cells · fatty streak · fibrous plaque · vulnerable plaque
- Bleeding Disorders — Platelet and Vessel Wallbleeding disorders · thrombocytopenia · platelet dysfunction · vascular disorders · petechiae purpura
- Blistering Skin Disease Pathology — Pemphigus and Pemphigoidblistering skin disease · pemphigus vulgaris · bullous pemphigoid · acantholysis · subepidermal
- Bone Pathology — Metabolic Bone Diseasemetabolic bone disease · osteoporosis · osteomalacia · Paget disease · osteitis fibrosa cystica
- Bone Tumors Pathology — Benign and Malignantbone tumors · osteosarcoma · Ewing sarcoma · giant cell tumor · chondrosarcoma
- Breast Carcinoma Pathology — In Situ and Invasivebreast carcinoma pathology · DCIS LCIS · invasive ductal · ER PR HER2 · Paget disease breast
- Breast Pathology — Fibrocystic Change and Benign Lesionsfibrocystic breast · fibroadenoma · intraductal papilloma · apocrine metaplasia · atypical hyperplasia
- Carcinogenesis — Chemical, Radiation, Viralchemical carcinogens · radiation carcinogenesis · viral oncogenesis · HPV EBV HBV
- Carcinogenesis — Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genesoncogenes · tumor suppressor genes · RAS MYC · p53 RB · two-hit hypothesis
- Cardiac Tumors — Myxoma and Otherscardiac myxoma · left atrium · ball-valve obstruction · rhabdomyoma · tuberous sclerosis
- Cardiomyopathy Pathology — Dilated, Hypertrophic, Restrictivecardiomyopathy pathology · dilated hypertrophic restrictive · amyloid · sarcomere mutations
- Cell Death — Necrosis and Apoptosisnecrosis · apoptosis · coagulative liquefactive · caspase · programmed death
- Cell Injury and Deathnecrosis · apoptosis · ischemia · free radicals
- Cellular Adaptations — Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia, Atrophy, Metaplasiacellular adaptation · hypertrophy · hyperplasia · metaplasia · atrophy
- Cellular Injury — Reversible and Irreversiblecell injury · reversible irreversible · ischemia · free radicals · swelling
- Cerebrovascular Disease Pathologystroke pathology · liquefactive necrosis · red neurons · hemorrhagic infarct · lacunar
- Cervical Pathology — Dysplasia and Carcinomacervical pathology · CIN · HPV 16 18 · squamocolumnar junction · koilocytes
- Chronic Inflammation and Granulomatous Diseasechronic inflammation · granuloma · macrophages · TB sarcoid · epithelioid cells
- Cirrhosis Pathology — Causes and Consequencescirrhosis pathology · nodular regeneration · fibrosis · portal hypertension · hepatic failure
- CNS Infections PathologyCNS infections pathology · meningitis encephalitis abscess · PML · prion · cryptococcal
- CNS Pathology — Neurons and Glial ReactionsCNS pathology · neuronal injury · gliosis · astrocytosis · microglial activation
- CNS TumorsCNS tumors pathology · glioblastoma · pseudopalisading necrosis · GFAP · WHO grading
- Coagulation Cascade Pathologycoagulation cascade · intrinsic extrinsic · PT PTT · factor deficiencies · hemophilia
- Colorectal Polyps and Colorectal Carcinoma Pathologycolorectal polyps · tubular villous · FAP Lynch syndrome · adenocarcinoma · APC KRAS p53
- Congenital Heart Disease Pathologycongenital heart pathology · septal defects · cyanotic acyanotic · Eisenmenger · embryology
- Crystal Arthropathies — Gout and Pseudogout Pathologygout pathology · pseudogout · urate crystals · CPPD · tophus
- Cystic Kidney Disease Pathologycystic kidney disease · ADPKD · simple cysts · medullary sponge · nephronophthisis
- Disseminated Intravascular CoagulationDIC · coagulopathy · microthrombi
- Endocarditis Pathology — Infective and Non-Infectiveendocarditis pathology · vegetation · infective · marantic · Libman-Sacks
- Esophageal Pathology — Barrett, Carcinoma, Varicesesophageal pathology · Barrett esophagus · squamous adenocarcinoma · varices · achalasia
- Free Radical Injury and Oxidative Stressfree radicals · ROS · oxidative stress · antioxidants · reperfusion injury
- G6PD DeficiencyG6PD · hemolysis · Heinz bodies
- Gallbladder Pathology — Cholecystitis and Carcinomagallbladder pathology · cholecystitis · Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses · porcelain gallbladder · adenocarcinoma
- Gastric Pathology — Ulcers, Gastritis, Carcinomagastric pathology · peptic ulcer · H. pylori gastritis · gastric adenocarcinoma · signet ring
- Gestational Pathology — Placenta, Ectopic, Molar Pregnancygestational pathology · hydatidiform mole · choriocarcinoma · placenta previa · ectopic pregnancy
- Glomerular Disease Pathology — Nephritic and Nephroticglomerular disease pathology · nephritic nephrotic · GBM · podocyte · immune deposits
- Glomerulonephritis Pathology — Specific TypesGN pathology · MPGN · IgA nephropathy · crescentic GN · wire loop
- Hemostasis — Primary and Secondaryhemostasis · primary secondary · platelet plug · coagulation cascade · fibrin
- Hepatitis Pathology — Viral and Autoimmunehepatitis pathology · viral hepatitis · bridging necrosis · ground glass hepatocytes · autoimmune
- Hereditary Spherocytosis and Elliptocytosishereditary spherocytosis · spectrin ankyrin · osmotic fragility · splenomegaly · MCHC
- Hodgkin LymphomaHodgkin · Reed-Sternberg · ABVD
- Inflammation and Repairacute inflammation · granuloma · wound healing · fibrosis
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathology — Crohn and UCIBD pathology · Crohn disease · ulcerative colitis · granuloma · crypt abscess
- Inflammatory Mediators — Complement, Cytokines, Arachidonic Acidcomplement · cytokines · prostaglandins · leukotrienes · arachidonic acid
- Inflammatory Skin Disease Pathology — Eczema, Psoriasisinflammatory skin pathology · eczema · psoriasis · spongiosis · acanthosis
- Intestinal Ischemia and Infarction Pathologyintestinal ischemia · SMA occlusion · ischemic colitis · hemorrhagic infarction · pneumatosis
- Iron Deficiency Anemiaanemia · iron · microcytic
- Ischemic Heart Disease — Pathologyischemic heart disease · MI pathology · coagulative necrosis · reperfusion injury · timeline
- Joint Disease Pathology — OA and RAjoint pathology · osteoarthritis · rheumatoid arthritis · pannus · erosive arthritis
- Leukemia Pathology — ALL, AML, CLL, CMLleukemia pathology · ALL AML CLL CML · blast crisis · Auer rods · Philadelphia chromosome
- Liver Tumors Pathology — HCC and MetastasesHCC pathology · hepatocellular carcinoma · AFP · cirrhosis HBV HCV · liver metastases
- Lung Cancer Pathology — Adenocarcinoma, SCC, SCLC, Large Celllung cancer pathology · adenocarcinoma SCC SCLC · peripheral central · pancoast · neuroendocrine
- Lymphadenopathy — Reactive vs Neoplasticlymphadenopathy · reactive · follicular hyperplasia · paracortical · neoplastic
- Megaloblastic Anemia — B12 and Folate Deficiencymegaloblastic anemia · B12 folate · hypersegmented neutrophils · subacute combined · macrocytic
- Melanocytic Lesions and Melanoma Pathologymelanoma pathology · nevus · BRAF V600E · Clark level Breslow thickness · radial vertical growth
- MEN SyndromesMEN1 MEN2 · multiple endocrine neoplasia · parathyroid pituitary pancreas · pheochromocytoma · medullary thyroid cancer
- Multiple Myeloma and Plasma Cell Dyscrasiasmultiple myeloma · plasma cell · M protein · CRAB criteria · amyloid AL
- Muscle Disease Pathology — Myopathies and Muscular Dystrophiesmuscle pathology · muscular dystrophy · inflammatory myopathy · ragged red fibers · type 1 type 2
- Myeloproliferative Disordersmyeloproliferative · CML polycythemia vera · essential thrombocythemia · myelofibrosis · JAK2
- Myocardial Infarction — Morphological Changes Over TimeMI morphology · neutrophils macrophages · granulation tissue · fibrosis · Zenker necrosis
- Neoplasia Basicsoncogenes · tumor suppressors · metastasis · p53
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Pathologyneurodegenerative pathology · Lewy bodies · neurofibrillary tangles · amyloid plaques · TDP-43
- Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma — PathologyNHL · diffuse large B cell · follicular
- Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Pathology — BCC and SCCBCC pathology · SCC pathology · palisading nuclei · keratin pearls · actinic keratosis
- Obstructive Lung Disease Pathology — COPD, Emphysema, Chronic BronchitisCOPD pathology · emphysema · chronic bronchitis · goblet cells · panacinar centrilobular
- Ovarian Pathology — Cysts and Tumorsovarian pathology · functional cysts · serous mucinous · dermoid · Krukenberg tumor
- Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors Pathologypancreatic neuroendocrine · insulinoma · gastrinoma · MEN1 · Zollinger-Ellison
- Pancreatic Pathology — Pancreatitis and Carcinomapancreatic pathology · acute chronic pancreatitis · fat necrosis · pancreatic adenocarcinoma · CA 19-9
- Paraneoplastic Syndromesparaneoplastic · SIADH · Lambert-Eaton
- Parathyroid Pathology — Hyperparathyroidismparathyroid pathology · primary secondary tertiary · adenoma · chief cells · osteitis fibrosa cystica
- Penile Pathologypenile pathology · Peyronie disease · squamous cell carcinoma · HPV · phimosis
- Pericardial Diseasepericarditis pathology · fibrinous · constrictive · bread-and-butter · effusion
- Pituitary Pathology — Tumors and Infarctionpituitary pathology · prolactinoma · GH adenoma · Sheehan syndrome · craniopharyngioma
- Pleural Disease Pathology — Effusion and Mesotheliomapleural effusion pathology · transudate exudate · mesothelioma · asbestos · ferruginous bodies
- Pneumonia Pathology — Lobar, Broncho, Interstitialpneumonia pathology · lobar bronchopneumonia · consolidation · red gray hepatization · interstitial
- Polycythemia — Absolute and Relativepolycythemia · polycythemia vera · JAK2 · erythrocytosis · EPO
- Principles of Neoplasia — Benign vs Malignantneoplasia · benign malignant · differentiation · invasion · metastasis
- Prostate Pathology — BPH and Carcinomaprostate pathology · BPH · prostatic adenocarcinoma · Gleason score · PSA perineural invasion
- Pulmonary Embolism and Infarction Pathologypulmonary embolism pathology · Hampton hump · red infarct · DVT · saddle embolus
- Pulmonary Hypertensionpulmonary hypertension · PAH · right heart failure
- Raynaud Phenomenon and Peripheral Vascular DiseaseRaynaud · vasospasm · primary secondary · digital ischemia · scleroderma
- Reactive Leukocytosis and Leukopenialeukocytosis · leukopenia · left shift · neutrophilia · lymphocytosis
- Renal Tumors Pathology — RCC and WilmsRCC pathology · clear cell · VHL · Wilms tumor · WT1
- Renal Vascular Disease Pathologyrenal vascular pathology · hypertensive nephrosclerosis · onion skinning · thrombotic microangiopathy
- Restrictive Lung Disease Pathologyrestrictive lung disease · pulmonary fibrosis · UIP · honeycomb lung · decreased compliance
- Sickle Cell Diseasesickle cell · HbS · vaso-occlusive
- Skin Infections and Infestations Pathologyskin infection pathology · impetigo · cellulitis · molluscum contagiosum · verruca
- Small Intestine Pathology — Malabsorption and Obstructionsmall intestine pathology · celiac disease · Whipple disease · intussusception · volvulus
- Soft Tissue Tumors Pathologysoft tissue tumors · lipoma liposarcoma · leiomyosarcoma · rhabdomyosarcoma · synovial sarcoma
- Systemic Inflammatory Response and Sepsis PathologySIRS · sepsis pathology · cytokine storm · DIC · multiorgan failure
- Testicular Pathology — Germ Cell and Other Tumorstesticular pathology · seminoma · embryonal carcinoma · teratoma · yolk sac tumor
- Thalassemias — Alpha and Betathalassemia · alpha beta · microcytic anemia · target cells · hemoglobin electrophoresis
- Thrombosis Pathology — Virchow Triadthrombosis · Virchow triad · arterial venous · platelet fibrin · DVT PE
- Thyroid Pathology — Goiter, Thyroiditis, Carcinomathyroid pathology · Hashimoto · Graves disease · papillary carcinoma · psammoma bodies
- Tubulointerstitial Nephritis Pathologytubulointerstitial nephritis · drug-induced · eosinophils · WBC casts · NSAIDs
- Tumor Invasion and Metastasismetastasis · invasion · EMT · hematogenous lymphatic · seed and soil
- Tumor Markers — Clinical and Pathologicaltumor markers · PSA AFP CEA · CA-125 CA 19-9 · HCG · clinical use
- Types of Necrosis — Coagulative, Liquefactive, Caseous, Fat, Fibrinoid, Gangrenouscoagulative necrosis · liquefactive necrosis · caseous necrosis · fat necrosis · gangrenous
- Uterine Pathology — Leiomyoma, Endometriosis, Carcinomauterine pathology · leiomyoma · endometriosis · endometrial carcinoma · estrogen
- Valvular Heart Diseasevalvular pathology · rheumatic fever · calcific stenosis · myxomatous · Libman-Sacks
- Vasculitis Syndromesvasculitis · ANCA · vessel size
- Vulvar and Vaginal Pathologyvulvar pathology · lichen sclerosus · VIN · squamous cell carcinoma · clear cell adenocarcinoma DES
- Wound Healing and Repairwound healing · primary secondary intention · granulation tissue · fibrosis · collagen